Chapter 13 political transformations : Empires and encounters 1450-1750
EARLY MODERN ERA • Chapter 13 “Early Modern Era”.
• The beginnings of genuine globalization, elements of distinctly modern societies, and a growing European presence in world affairs.
• The most obvious expression of globalization, of course, lay in the oceanic journeys of European explorers and the European conquest and colonial settlement of the Americas.
EUROPEAN EMPIRES IN THE AMERICAS
• Spanish focused their empire building efforts in the Caribbean and then, in the early 16th century to mainland, with stunning conquests of powerful but fragile Aztec and Inca empires.
• Portuguese established themselves along the coast of present day Brazil.
• British, French, and Dutch launched colonial settlements along the eastern coast of North America.
EUROPEAN ADVANTAGE
• Geography provides a starting point for explaining Europes American empires.
• Portugal, Spain, Britain and France were simply closer to the Americas than Asian competitors.
. • European innovations in mapmaking, navigation, sailing techniques.
• Highly motivated *Economic • Elites were increasingly aware of their regions marginal position in the rich world.
• European population recovered from the plagues
• Growing desire for sugar, tobacco, meat and fish.
COLONIAL SOCIETIES
• “Old World” gave the rise to a “New World” in the Americas. Their colonial empires: Spanish, Portuguese, British and French did not simply conquer and govern societies, but rather generated new societies.
• European rulers viewed their realms through the lens of the economic theory known as MERCANTILISM. – Encouraging exports and accumulating bullion *precious metals: Silver and Gold. Which were believed to be the source of national prosperity.
• The beginnings of genuine globalization, elements of distinctly modern societies, and a growing European presence in world affairs.
• The most obvious expression of globalization, of course, lay in the oceanic journeys of European explorers and the European conquest and colonial settlement of the Americas.
EUROPEAN EMPIRES IN THE AMERICAS
• Spanish focused their empire building efforts in the Caribbean and then, in the early 16th century to mainland, with stunning conquests of powerful but fragile Aztec and Inca empires.
• Portuguese established themselves along the coast of present day Brazil.
• British, French, and Dutch launched colonial settlements along the eastern coast of North America.
EUROPEAN ADVANTAGE
• Geography provides a starting point for explaining Europes American empires.
• Portugal, Spain, Britain and France were simply closer to the Americas than Asian competitors.
. • European innovations in mapmaking, navigation, sailing techniques.
• Highly motivated *Economic • Elites were increasingly aware of their regions marginal position in the rich world.
• European population recovered from the plagues
• Growing desire for sugar, tobacco, meat and fish.
COLONIAL SOCIETIES
• “Old World” gave the rise to a “New World” in the Americas. Their colonial empires: Spanish, Portuguese, British and French did not simply conquer and govern societies, but rather generated new societies.
• European rulers viewed their realms through the lens of the economic theory known as MERCANTILISM. – Encouraging exports and accumulating bullion *precious metals: Silver and Gold. Which were believed to be the source of national prosperity.
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