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chapter 19

Reversal of Fortune: China ’s Century of  Crisis within Dramatic population growth and pressures on the land Central state bureaucracy fails to grow and weakens Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864) Conservative reaction Western Pressures Commissioner Lin Zexu and Western narco-trafficking First Opium War and Treaty of Nanking (1842) Second Opium War and further humiliations “Informal empire” status for the Middle Kingdom The Failure of Conservative Modernization Self-strengthening Landowners fear modernity Industry in the hands of Europeans Boxer Rebellion (1898–1901) Popular nationalist organizations Hundred Days of Reform, 1898 Imperial collapse, 1911 The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century   “The Sick Man of Europe” “The Strong Sword of Islam” in 1750 Loss of land to Russia, France, Britain, and Austria Unable to defend Muslims elsewhere Changing global economic order.    Reform and its Opponents ...
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Chapter 15

The west had a rich heritage of Greek and Roman logic, science, engineering, literature, individualism, and  democracy.   Plato, Aristotle, Pericles, Cicero, and Julius Caesar represented parts of this heritage. Christianity had a core of individualism, optimism, self worth, human dignity, and "God on our side" Medieval Europe (476 - 1400) had an infrastructure of law  and self-government 16th century that forced a new outlook on life belief, geography, economic competition, and technological pressure (shipping, banking, agriculture, accounting the central theme of the  Enlightenment  the scientific revolution and its meaning for human society, was  the  Idea of Progress ,  the fact that society could  change  and "was not fixed by tradition or divine command."   For many the  Idea of Progress  was "virtua...
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chapter 22

military Conflict and the Cold War   1.  Europe was the cold war’s first arena     a.  Soviet concern for security and control in Eastern Europe      b.  American and British desire for open societies linked to the capitalist world economy    2.  creation of rival military alliances (NATO and the Warsaw Pact)     a.  American sphere of influence ( Western Europe ) was largely voluntary     b.  Soviet sphere ( Eastern Europe ) was imposed     c.  the “Iron Curtain” divided the two spheres   3.  communism spread into Asia ( China , Korea , Vietnam ), caused conflict     a.  North Korea ’s invasion of South Korea in 1950 led to a bitter three-year war and resulted in a still-divided Korea      b.  Vietnam : massive U.S. intervention in the 1960s, but Vietnamese communists successfully united the country by 1975   4.  maj...
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